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Washington, D.C.: A Challenge to Jim Crow in the Nation’s Capital
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Well-paid federal jobs drew thousands of African Americans to Washington and helped support a large community of well-educated professional and skilled workers.
Between 1930 and 1950 the black population doubled to some 280,000, about 35 percent of the total population. Yet, along with a prosperous black community, Washington also had some of the nation’s worst living conditions.
The new migration strained limited city services, schools, and housing in segregated African American neighborhoods.
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Yearbooks from black and white high schools
From the Civil War on, Washington had a segregated school system. As the population grew in black neighborhoods, the gap between white and black schools widened and overcrowding became a serious problem.
Many African American schools went to multiple shifts, eroding the quality of education, while some neighboring white